Night World : Secret Vampire Chapter 12

Poppy was lying there on the white velvet lining, eyes shut. She looked very pale and strangely beautiful-but was she dead? â€Å"Wake up,† James said. He put his hand on hers.Phillip had the feeling that he was calling with hismind as well as his voice. There was an agonizingly long minute while nothing happened. James put his other hand under Poppy's neck, lifting her just slightly. â€Å"Poppy, it's time. Wake up. Wake up.† Poppy's eyelashes fluttered. Something jarred violently in Phillip. He wanted togive a yell of victory and pound the grass. He alsowanted to run way. Finally he just collapsed by thegraveside, his knees giving out altogether. â€Å"Come on, Poppy. Get up. We have to go.† James was speaking in a gentle, insistent voice, as if he weretalking to someone coming out of anesthesia. Which was exactly how Poppy looked. As Philwatched with fascination and awe and dread, sheblinked and rolled her head a little, then opened her eyes. She shut them again almost immediately, butJames went on talking to her, and the next time she opened them they stayed open. Then, with James urging her gently, she sat up. â€Å"Poppy, â€Å"Phil said. An involuntary outburst. His chest was swelling, burning. Poppy looked up, then squinted and turned immediately from the beam of the flashlight. She lookedannoyed. â€Å"Come on,† James said, helping her out of theopen half of the casket. It wasn't hard; Poppy was small. With James holding her arm, she stood on theclosed half of the casket, and Phil reached into the hole and pulled her up. Then, with somethinglike a convulsion,hehugged her. When he pulled back, she blinked at him. A slightfrown puckered her forehead. She licked her indexfinger and drew the wet finger across his cheek. â€Å"You're filthy,† she said. She could talk. She didn't have red eyes and achalky face. She was really alive. Weak with relief, Phil hugged her again. â€Å"Oh, God,Poppy, you're okay. You're okay.† He barely noticed that she wasn't hugging himback. James scrambled out of the hole. â€Å"How do you feel, Poppy?† he said. Not a politeness. A quiet, probing question. Poppy looked at him, and then at Phillip. â€Å"I feel†¦fine.† â€Å"That's good,† James said, still watching her as ifshe were a six-hundred-pound schizophrenic gorilla. â€Å"I feel†¦hungry,† Poppy said, in the same pleasant, musical voice she'd used before. Phil blinked. â€Å"Why don't you come over here, Phil?† James said, making a gesture behind him. Phil was beginning to feel very uneasy. Poppy was†¦ could she besmellinghim? Not loud, wet sniffs, but the delicate little sniffs of a cat. She was nosingaround his shoulder. â€Å"Phil, I think you should come around over here,† James said, with more emphasis. But what happenednext happened too quickly for Phil even to startmoving. Delicate hands clenched like steel around his biceps. Poppy smiled at him with very sharp teeth, thendarted like a striking cobra for his throat. I'm going to die, Phil thought with a curious calm. He couldn't fight her. But her first strike missed. Thesharp teeth grazed his throat like two burning pokers. â€Å"No, you don't,† James said. He looped an arm around Poppy's waist, lifting her off Phil. Poppy gave a disappointed wail. As Phil struggled to his feet, she watched him the way a cat watchesan interesting insect. Never taking her eyes off him,not even when James spoke to her. â€Å"That's your brother, Phil. Your twin brother. Remember?† Poppy just stared at Phil with hugely dilated pupils.Phil realized that she looked not only pale and beautiful but dazed and starving. â€Å"My brother? One of our kind?† Poppy said,soundingpuzzled. Her nostrils quivered and her lipsparted. â€Å"He doesn't smell like it.† â€Å"No, he's,not one of our kind, but he's not forbiting, either. You're going to have to wait just a littlewhile to feed.† To Phillip, he said, â€Å"Let's get this hole filled in, fast.† Phillip couldn't move at first. Poppywas stillwatching him in that dreamy but intense way. Shestood there in the darkness in her best white dress, supple as a lily, with her hair fallingaround her face.And she looked at him with the eyes of a jaguar. She wasn't human anymore. She was somethingother.She'd said it herself, she and James were ofone kind and Phil was something different. She belonged to the Night World now. Oh, God, maybe we should just have let her die,Phil thought, and picked up a shovel with loose and trembling hands. James had already gotten the lid back on the vault. Phil shoveled dirt on it withoutlooking at where it landed. His head wobbled as ifhis neck were a pipe cleaner. â€Å"Don't be anidiot,† avoice said, and hard fingersclosed on Phil's wrist briefly. Through a blur, Philsaw James. â€Å"She's not better off dead. She's just confused rightnow. This istemporary,all right?† The words were brusque, but Phil felt a tiny surgeof comfort. Maybe James was right. Life was good,in whatever form. And Poppy had chosen this. Still, she'd changed, and only time would tellhow much. One thing-Phil had made the mistake of thinkingthat vampires were like humans. He'd gotten so comfortable with James that he'd almost forgotten theirdifferences. He wouldn't make that mistake again. Poppy felt wonderful-in almost every way. She felt secret and strong. She felt poetic and full of possibility. She felt as if she'd sloughed off her oldbody like a snake shedding its skin, to reveal a fresh new body underneath. And she knew, without being quite sure how sheknew, that she didn't have cancer. It was gone, the terrible thing that had been running wild inside her. Her new body had killed it andabsorbed it somehow. Or maybe it was just that every cell that made up Poppy North, every molecule,had changed. However It was, she felt vibrant and healthy. Notjust better than she had before she'd gotten the cancer, but better than she could remember feeling inher life. She was strangely aware of her own body,and her muscles and joints all seemed to be workingin a way that was sweet and almost magical. The only problem was that she was hungry. It wastaking all her willpower not to pounce on the blondguy in the hole.Phillip.Her brother. Sheknewhe was her brother, but he was alsohuman and she could sense therichstuff, lush with life, that was coursing through his veins. The electrifying fluid she needed to survive. So jump him, part of her mind whispered. Poppyfrowned and tried to wiggle away from the thought.She felt something in her mouth nudging her lowerlip, and she poked her thumb at it instinctively. It was a tooth. A delicate curving tooth. Both hercanine teeth were long and pointed and verysensitive. How weird. She rubbed at the new teeth gently,then cautiously explored them with her tongue. Shepressed them against her lip. After a moment they shrank to normal size. If shethought about humans full of blood like berries, theygrew again. Hey, look what I can dot But she didn't bother the two grimy boys whowere filling in the hole. She glanced around and triedto distract herself instead. Strange-it didn't really seem to be either day ornight.-Maybe there was an eclipse. It was too dim tobe daytime, but far too bright for nighttime. Shecould see the leaves on the maple trees and the graySpanish moss hanging from the oak trees. Tiny moths were fluttering around the moss, and she could seetheir pale wings. When she looked at the sky, she got a shock. There was something floating there, a giant round thing thatblazed with silvery light. Poppy thought of spaceships,of alien worlds, before she realized the truth. It was themoon.Just an ordinary full moon. Andthe reason it looked so big and throbbing with lightwas that she had night vision. That was why shecould see the moths, too. All her senses were keen. Delicious smells waftedby her, the smells of small burrowing animals andfluttering dainty birds. On the wind came a tantalizing hint of rabbit. And she couldhearthings. Once she whipped herhead around as a dog barked right beside her. Then she realized that it was far away, outside the cemetery. It only sounded close. I'll bet I can run fast, too, she thought. Her legsfelt tingly. She wanted to go running out into thelovely, gloriously-scented night, to be one with it.She waspartof it now. James,she said. And the strange thing was that shesaid it without saying it out loud. It was somethingshe knew how to do without thinking. James looked up from his shoveling.Hang on,hesaid the same way.We're almost done, kiddo. Then you'll teach me to hunt? He nodded, just slightly. His hair was falling overhis forehead and he looked adorably grubby. Poppyfelt as if she'd never really seen him before-because now she was seeing him with new senses. Jameswasn't just silky brown hair and enigmatic gray eyesand a lithe-muscled body. He was the smell of winterrain and the sound of his predator's heartbeat andthe silvery aura of power she could feel around him. She could sense his mind, lean and tiger-tough but somehow gentle and almost wistful at the same time. We're hunting partners now,she told him eagerly,and he smiled an acknowledgment. But underneath she felt that he was worried. He was either sad or anxious about something, something he was keeping from her. She couldn't think about it. She didn't feel hungryanymore †¦she felt strange. As if she was having trouble getting enough air. James and Phillip were shaking out the tarps, unrolling strips of fresh sod to cover the grave. Hergrave. Funny she hadn't really thought about thatbefore. She'd been lying in a grave-she ought tofeel repulsed or scared. She didn't. She didn't remember being in there atall-didn't remember anything from the time she'dfallen asleep in her bedroom until she'd woken upwith James calling her. Except a dream †¦ â€Å"Okay,† James said. He was folding up a tarp. â€Å"We can go. How're you feeling?† â€Å"Ummm. . a little weird. I can't get a deepbreath.† â€Å"Neither can I,† Phil said. He was breathing hardand wiping his forehead. â€Å"I didn't know grave digging was such hard work.† James gave Poppy a searching look. â€Å"Do you thinkyou can make it back to my apartment?† â€Å"Hmm? I guess.† Poppy didn't actually know whathe was talking about. Make it how? And why shouldgoing to his apartment help her to breathe? â€Å"I've got a couple of safe donors there in the building,† James said. â€Å"I don't really want you out on thestreets, and I think you'll make it there okay.† Poppy didn't ask what he meant. She was having trouble thinking clearly. James wanted her to hide in the backseat of hiscar. Poppy refused. She needed to sit up front and tofeel the night air on her face. â€Å"Okay,† James said at last. â€Å"But at least sort ofcover your face with your arm. I'll drive on backroads. Youcan'tbe seen, Poppy.† There didn't seem to be anyone on the streets tosee her. The air whipping her cheeks was cool andgood, but it didn't help her breathing. No matter howshe tried, she couldn't seem to get a proper breath. I'm hyperventilating, she thought. Her heart wasracing, her lips and tongue felt parchment-dry. And still she had the feeling of being air-starved. What'shappening to me? Then the pain started. Agonizing seizures in her muscles-like the crampsshe used to get when she went out for track in juniorhigh. Vaguely, through the pain, she rememberedsomething the P.E. teacher had said.†Thecrampscome when your muscles don't get enough blood. A charley horseis a clump of muscles starving to death.† Oh, ithurt.It hurt.She couldn't even call to James for help, now; all she could do was hang on to thecar door and try to breathe. She was whooping andwheezing, but it wasn't any good. Cramps everywhere-and now she was so dizzythat she saw the world through sparkling lights. She. was dying. Something hadgone terriblywrong. She felt as if she were underwater, tryingdesperately to claw her way to oxygen-only therewas nooxygen. And then she saw the way. Or smelled it, actually. Thecar was stopped at a redlight. Poppy's head and shoulders were out the windowby now-and suddenly she caught a whiff of life. Life.What she needed. She didn't think, she simplyacted. With one motion she threw the car door open and plunged out. She heard Phil's shout behind her and James'sshout in her head. She ignored both of them. Nothing mattered except stopping the pain. She grabbed for the man on the sidewalk the waya drowning swimmer grabs at a rescuer. Instinctively. He was tall and strong for a human. He was wearinga dark sweatsuit and a bomber jacket. His face wasstubbly and his skin wasn't exactly clean, but thatwasn't important. She wasn't interested in the con tainer, only in the lovely sticky red stuff inside. This time her strike was perfectly accurate. Herwonderful teeth extended like claws and stabbed intothe man's throat. Puncturing him like one of thoseold-fashioned bottle openers. He struggled a little and then went limp. And then she was drinking, her throat drenched in copper-sweetness. Sheer animal hunger took over as she tapped his veins. The liquid filling her mouthwas wild and raw and primal and every swallow gaveher new life. She drank and drank, and felt the pain disappear.In its place was a euphoric lightness.When she paused to breathe, she could feel her lungs swell withcool, blessed air. She bent to drink again, to suck, lap, tipple. Theman had a clear bubbling stream inside him, and shewanted it all. That was when James pulled her head back. He spoke both aloud and in her mind and his voicewas collected but intense. â€Å"Poppy, I'm sorry. I'm sorry.It was my fault. I shouldn't have made you wait solong. But you've had enough now. You can stop.† Oh†¦confusion. Poppy was peripherally aware of Phillip, her brother Phillip, looking on in horror. James said shecouldstop, but that didn't mean she had to. She didn'twantto. The man wasn't fightingat all now. He seemed to be unconscious. She bent down again. James pulled her back upalmost roughly. â€Å"Listen,† he said. His eyes were level, but his voicewas hard. â€Å"This is the time you can choose, Poppy.Do youreallywant to kill?† The words shocked her back to awareness. To kill†¦that was the way to get power, she knew. Bloodwas power and life and energy and food and drink.If she drained this man like squeezing an orange, shewould have the power of his very essence. Whoknew what she might be able to do then? But†¦he was a man, not an orange. A humanbeing. She'd been one of those once. Slowly, reluctantly, she lifted herself off the man.James let out a long breath. He patted her shoulderand sat down on the sidewalk as if too tired to stand up right then. Phil was slumped against the wall of the nearestbuilding. He was appalled, and Poppy could feel it. She couldeven pick up words he was thinking-words likeghastly andamoral.A whole sentence that went something like†Is it worth it to save her life if she's lost her soul?† James jerked around to look at him, and Poppy couldfeel the silver flare of his anger. â€Å"You just don't get it,do you?† he said savagely. â€Å"She could have attackedyou anytime, but she didn't, even though she wasdying. You don't know what the bloodlust feels like.It's not like being thirsty-it's like suffocating. Your cells start to die from oxygen starvation, because your own blood can't carry oxygen to them. It's the worst painthere is, but she didn't go after you to make it stop.† Phillip looked staggered. He stared at Poppy, thenheld out a hand uncertainly. â€Å"I'm sorry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. â€Å"Forget it,† James said shortly. He turned his backon Phil and examined the man. Poppy could feel himextend his mind. â€Å"I'm telling him to forget this,† hesaid to Poppy. â€Å"All he needs is some rest, and he might as well do that right here. See, the woundsare already healing.† Poppy saw, but she couldn't feel happy. She knewPhil still disapproved of her. Not just for somethingshe'd done, but for what shewas. What's happened to me?she asked James, throwingherself into his arms. Have I turned into something awful? He held her fiercely.You're just different. Not awful. Phil's a jerk. She wanted to laugh at that. But she could feel atremor of sadness behind his protective love. It wasthe same anxious sadness she'd sensed in him earlier.James didn't like being a predator, and now he'dmade Poppy one, too. Their plan had succeeded brilliantly-and Poppy would never be the old PoppyNorth again. And although she could hear his thoughts, itwasn't exactly like the total immersion when they'dexchanged blood. They might not ever have that togetherness again. â€Å"There wasn't any other choice,† Poppy. saidstoutly, and she said it aloud. â€Å"We did what we hadto do. Now we have to make the best of it.† You're a bravegirl.Did I ever tell you that? No. And if you did, I don't mind hearing it again. But they drove to James's apartment building in silence, with Phil's depression weighing heavily inthe backseat. â€Å"Look, you can take the car back to your house,† James said as he unloaded the equipment and Poppy's clothes into his carport. â€Å"I don't want to bringPoppy anywhere near there, and I don't want toleave her alone.† Phil glanced up at the dark two-story building asif something had just struck him. Then he cleared histhroat. Poppy knew why-James's apartment was anotorious place, and she'd never been allowed to visitit at night. Apparently Phil still had some brotherlyconcern for his vampire sister. â€Å"You, uh, can't justtake her to your parents' house?† â€Å"How many times do I have to explain? No, I can'ttake her to my parents, because my parents don't knowshe's a vampire. Right at the moment she's an illegalvampire, a renegade, which means she's got to be kept a secret until I can straighten things out–somehow.': â€Å"How-† Phil stopped and shook his head. â€Å"Okay.Not tonight. We'll talk about it later.† â€Å"No, ‘we' won't,† James said harshly. â€Å"You're nota part of this anymore. It's up to Poppy and me. All you need to do is go back and live your normal lifeand keep your mouth shut.† Phil started to say something else, then caughthimself. He took the keys from James. Then he looked at Poppy. â€Å"I'm glad you're alive. I love you,† he said. Poppy knew that he wanted to-hug her, but something kept both of them back. There was an emptiness in Poppy's chest. â€Å"Bye, Phil,† she said, and he got in the car and left.

Changing Roles of Men and Women

In Britain in the 1960s and 1970 sociologists were examining the levels of underachievement of working class pupils. It was clear from the evidence that they were underachieving compared to the middle classes in terms of gaining access to selective schools, achievement at 16 – O Levels/CSEs/GCSEs entry to university and further training. In other words, it was clear that working class children were most likely to end up doing working class jobs. Despite this evidence, it was not entirely clear how working class pupils failed. This was revealed by the pioneering work of Paul Willis (1977).Whereas previous explanations of working class failure in the education system tended to provide very mechanistic approaches which were based on the logic of a particular theoretical approach, Willis set out to examine the actual experiences of a group of working class ‘lads’ and to investigate what actually happened to them. It is only through a more qualitative approach that suc h an insight can be gained. It is believed that ethnography provides a more valid (accurate) picture of social life which more quantitative methods such as questionnaires cannot do.In Willis’s book Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs, he is a participant observer of 12 boys in a West Midlands school in the 1970s. He follows them during their last year and a half at school and their first few months at work. (The small sample – 12 boys – is clearly a limiting factor to his work as well as the fact that he only focuses on boys). In this essay there will be an examination of the issues raised in relation to Willis’ study by Gordon (1994) and an assessment of how well she seems to explain these issues and whether her points are shared by other critics of Willis’ study such as†¦

Bis Case Study

Chapter 8 / Enterprise Business Systems ? 259 REAL WORLD CASE 2 Agilent Technologies and Russ Berrie: Challenges of Implementing ERP Systems Co. (www. russberrie. com) was taking another crack at replacing its legacy business systems. The Oakland, New Jersey–based distributor of toys and gifts ? nalized plans to roll out J. D. Edwards & Co. ’s OneWorld Xe suite of enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management, and ? nancial applications. The multimillion-dollar project was scheduled to be done in phases over the next 18 months.Russ Berrie CIO Michael Saunders said that the company, which had sales of $225 million during the ? rst nine months of 2001, hoped the OneWorld System would help it reach $1 billion in annual revenue in the coming years. Within the next 12 months, he said, Russ Berrie planned to begin installing the applications one department at a time, starting with a stand-alone implementation in purchasing. â€Å"We’re not going big bang,† Saunders said. â€Å"We’re mitigating implementation risks by taking a phased-in approach. The company had reason to be cautious. Three years before, a Y2K-related migration from its homegrown distribution, ? nancial, and customer service systems to packaged ERP applications experienced major system failures. Saunders said the problems were severe enough for Russ Berrie to take many of the new applications off-line and return to their old systems. Saunders wouldn’t identify the software vendors that were involved in the failed implementation, but sources said that SAP AG’s applications were part of the 1999 project.A spokesman at SAP con? rmed that Russ Berrie was one of its customers, but he declined to offer further details because of pending litigation between the two companies. Joshua Greenbaum of Enterprise Applications Consulting said it appeared that Russ Berrie â€Å"bit off more than they could chew† on the 1999 project. Compan ywide rollouts are especially risky for midsize businesses like Russ Berrie, Greenbaum said. T he good news is that Agilent Technologies Inc. (www. agilent. com) says its enterprise resource planning applications are stable.The bad news is they got that way only after a rocky ERP migration project that cost the company $105 million in revenue and $70 million in pro? ts. In mid-August 2002, the multinational communications and life sciences company, formerly a part of HewlettPackard Co. , said problems with the ERP components in Oracle’s e-Business Suite 11e software froze production for the equivalent of a week, leading to the massive losses. The Oracle system handles about half of the company’s worldwide production of test, measurement, and monitoring products and almost all of its ? ancial operations, as well as functions such as order handling and shipping. Agilent was in the process of migrating as many as 2,200 legacy applications that it inherited from HP to Orac le. As part of the switchover, approximately 6,000 orders in the internally developed legacy systems had to be converted to an Oracle-friendly format, an Agilent spokeswoman said from company headquarters in Palo Alto, California. She said the con? guration process had problems requiring correction.In a statement last week, Agilent President and CEO Ned Barnholt said the disruptions to the business after implementing the ERP system were â€Å"more extensive than we expected. † An Agilent spokeswoman said the issue wasn’t the quality of the Oracle application, but rather the â€Å"very complex nature of the enterprise resource planning implementation. † For its part, Oracle Corp. said it’s working closely with Agilent. â€Å"At Oracle, we are fully committed to all of our customers for the long haul and support them in any way necessary,† the company said in a statement. We have a strong relationship with Agilent, and both companies believe the impl ementation is stable. † Agilent also had a takeaway lesson: â€Å"Enterprise resource planning implementations are a lot more than software packages,† the company said in a statement. â€Å"They are a fundamental transformation of a company’s business processes. People, processes, policies, the company’s culture are all factors that should be taken into consideration when implementing a major enterprise system. † According to one analyst, ERP disasters are often caused by the user company itself.Joshua Greenbaum, an analyst at Enterprise Applications Consulting, said 99 percent of such rollout ? ascoes are caused by â€Å"management’s inability to spec out their own requirements and the implementer’s inability to implement those specs. † Russ Berrie and Co. After a three-year saga that included a $10. 3 million ? nancial hit from the failed installation of packaged applications, teddy bear maker Russ Berrie and Case Study Questi ons 1. What are the main reasons companies experience failures in implementing ERP systems? 2.What are several key things companies should do to avoid ERP systems failures? Explain the reasons for your proposals. 3. Why do you think ERP systems in particular are often cited as examples of failures in IT systems development, implementation, or management? Source: Adapted from Marc Songini, â€Å"ERP Effort Sinks Agilent Revenue,† Computerworld, August 26, 2002, pp. 1, 12; and Marc Songini, â€Å"Teddy Bear Maker Prepares for Second Attempt at ERP Rollout,† Computerworld, February 4, 2002, p. 16. Reprinted with permission from Computerworld.

Barriers Impeding Technology Integration in Education Dissertation - 1

Barriers Impeding Technology Integration in Education - Dissertation Example The research question that directed the whole research is What are the barriers hindering teachers in adopting technological integration in their classroom pedagogy? From this issue, several sub-questions have been posed to clarify the various concepts embedded in the research. These questions are 1. What is technological integration? What are the stages of technological integration? 2. What are the effects of technological integration to students learning process? 3. What are some of the current best practices used for the integration of technology in classroom pedagogy? 4. How does the issue of funding affect the integration of technology in classroom pedagogy? To answer these questions, both primary data and secondary data have been generated and collected. For the collection of primary data, a qualitative research using in-depth interview of nine participants and group discussion/sharing with four participants have been conducted. The collected data collected data have been exami ned, coded, evaluated, assessed and analyzed several times to find themes, patterns and relationships in each case and across other cases. Moreover, to ensure the validity, reliability and integrity of all the data the following strategies have been used. These are the ethical consideration in securing the consent of the participants have been rigorously observed. Triangulation, member checking, thick rich description, and management of the researcher’s personal bias have been adopted. For the collection of secondary data, which includes scholarly journals, notes from the interviews and reflection, a library research had been performed. Meanwhile, for the notes and reflection, a journal had been maintained in the course of the research. The themes that have emerged in the study are teaching ethos, benefits of technology in education, approaches to integration of technology in classroom pedagogy, concept of barrier clarified, and identified existing barriers to integration of technology in classroom pedagogy. Some of the findings of the research includes: a table and list of identified existing barriers, the categorization of existing barriers, the study offers conceptual clarifications of ideas embedded in the issue and finally it proffers the supposition that there is no one penultimate reason for the problem, but that the issue is a result of the combination of various factors. Section 4 Findings In response to the challenges and demands of the contemporary period to education, the research has looked into one of the most challenging and invigorating demands of the time – the integration of technology in classroom pedagogy. Challenging, because, the necessity for the integration of technology in classroom pedagogy is a response to the current human condition. Likewise, it is a reflection of the initiative to improve the educational institution towards academic excellence and a drive towards enabling children in becoming responsible global citiz ens. In this regard, integration of technology in classroom pedagogy is invigorating for it requires innovation, creativeness and a new approach in classroom pedagogy. In the face of these challenges and changes in education and technology, both scholars and the teachers agree that technology in edu

Muscular Disorders - Fibromyalgia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Muscular Disorders - Fibromyalgia - Case Study Example She becomes depressed at times, which is one of the symptoms of fibromyalgia. The case also shows that she had been suffering from osteoarthritis in the past. Osteoarthritis is a joint disorder which causes pain in joints. Researches show that in some cases, osteoarthritis can lead to fibromyalgia when a pain in joints expands to related muscles. Therefore, looking at these aspects of the case, we conclude that Mrs Oliver is suffering from fibromyalgia. As Vorvick (2011) states, â€Å"one common cause of muscle aches and pain is fibromyalgia†. Substance P is a neurotransmitter, which plays the role of a pain messenger. This chemical substance is present in the brain of a person. In patients suffering from fibromyalgia, the level of substance P is significantly high as compared to the substance P level of a normal person. Stress is the factor, which increases the substance P level in a person. Researches show that people having problems with osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia usually have high substance P levels. Therefore, as we have concluded earlier that Mrs Oliver is suffering from fibromyalgia, we can say that she must be having a high substance P level. According to Clauw (2010), some of the common signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia include chronic fatigue, headaches, painful menstrual periods, numbness or tingling of hands and feet, temperature sensitivity, irritable bowel syndrome, swelling, and sleep disturbances. Chronic fatigue and sleep disturbance are two of the common signs of fibromyalgia. One of the signs, which differentiate fibromyalgia from other related medical problems, such as, arthritis and polymyositis, is that fibromyalgia does not cause damage to muscles and internal organs. On the other hand, arthritis and polymyositis can cause damage to muscles and joints. Although there is no proper treatment of fibromyalgia in medical science, one can limit the intensity of pain by learning the ways to deal with stress.     

International BusinessLaw (The Fair and Equitable Treatment standard Assignment

International BusinessLaw (The Fair and Equitable Treatment standard in International Investment Law) - Assignment Example The HCITO charter expressed the rules that needed establishment. Its negotiating materials provided an insight into the way the â€Å"just and equitable† in association with the relation to the law on investments received an understanding in the 1940s. However, just and equitable treatment received limited attentions in the public debates. It received treatment from the states as being an umbrella term that covered noble policies, which needed achievement by the conclusions made on the treaties1. Fundamentally, FET strives to strike a balance between protection of the international investment and the capability of the states to regulate the key public policies. The HCITO faced three consecutive failures. For instance, in 1948, the Bogota Economic Agreement treated the notion of just treatment as an obligation. Further, it displayed the notion as a hindrance to unreasonable, unjustified, and discriminatory measures of the government policies to the public, which might impair the rights and interests acquired legally. Secondly, in 1959, the Abs-Shawcross Draft drawing on both the international law principles and the US treaty practice indicated that the FET was an umbrella term. The term was inclusive of security and protection while excluding discriminatory measures taken in favour of the international investors and their investment. Consequently, in 1963 and 1967, the OECD drafts pertaining to the PFP needed action of the FET and explained it as customary in relation to the bilateral agreements and state policies. Moreover, it equated the FET contents with that of the IMS. Henceforth, the requirements of clear and simple rules rendered the international and the state policies in relation to international investments standards obsolete. In particular, the elasticity of FET as a concept seemed to outweigh its

Narrative question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Narrative question - Coursework Example This raised concern that there was a dark spirit in the sea and people no longer visited the sea. A certain scientist became curious, forgetting that it killed the cat; he wanted to know more about the lonely sea. He started his journey to the Dark Continent, to the abandoned sea. At his arrival, he was surprised at its beauty. There was this pleasant undulating landscape, the sea was quiet and very appealing to look at. The shores were clean and the breeze was cool. He decided to make a tent at the shore, so that he could spend his night there. The surrounding looked safe as everything was as clear as someone slashed the area around the shore to clear all the bushes and the trash. He looked like a King on His throne ruling His subjects when he got out of the tent to again take a look around from his ‘’palace’’. He then went back inside to sleep, and from the beginning, he enjoyed spending a night at the sea shore, in a tent. His dynasty remained peaceful a s he begun to slumber until the unthinkable happened! There was a loud bang, BWAAH! It was like as loud as thunder. The scientist woke up from his slumber and begun to shake like a chameleon on a twig. He woke up fast like lightening and he got shocked. His heart popped that, for a moment, he thought his heart would get off his chest. Looking outside the tent, he could not believe his eyes! ‘What a nightmare!’ he exclaimed. Whatever he could see before him could not exist anywhere in the world. It was so scary to be true. The ‘monster’ was so huge and walked with its salivating, mouth wide open towards the helpless scientist. The wideness of its mouth, made the scientist to remember for a moment where he had heard or read about such wide openness of a mouth. He thought quickly that he once read it from another story book about how wide the gates of hell will be when Jesus comes back. The scientist got paralyzed, he could not move an inch, and all he could w ish of was to wake up and find out it was just a nightmare. For a moment he assumed he was asleep and going through a nightmare. He thought that was the worse mare of all he had ever had before. He wished he never even made the decision to go to the Dark Continent. An ugly looking monster stood before the scientist, a cold chill ran down his spin and his legs could hardly support him. Alas! The ugly thing moved near him, took him by its hands. It was such a giant that the poor scientist felt like an ant; so helpless and defenseless. It was a man eating monster and the poor scientist’s dear life had come to an end. A made the biggest shout like a trumpet. Several people come from around and all witnessed this all. Alas! It was too late for them to help. The misery about the disappearance of people became unraveled and there were witnesses, even though people kept on wondering how what they saw is called. The people then decided to name the sea, ‘The Red Sea’ follo wing the fact that a lot of people had been lost in the same sea mysteriously. The name of the wondrous creature, though, remained unknown till date even though many people saw it. Until today I have never seen or heard about the monster again. May be it still lives in the sea or it

To what extent does disparity exist with the legalization of the birth Essay

To what extent does disparity exist with the legalization of the birth control movement in regards to poor and minority women in the United States - Essay Example But both prevented the spread of birth control by changing from a popular, participatory cause to a professional operation (Gordon, 1975). The most prominent activist is Margaret Sanger. She is known the founder of the birth-control movement in the United States was Margaret Sanger. She has witnessed the results of uncontrolled fertility, self-induced abortions, and high rates of infant and maternal mortality. Her experiences as a nurse and midwife led her to focus all her energy on the single cause of reproductive autonomy for women. She was convinced that there is a need for extensive information on contraception. She established information and advice centers that help women in safe, effective and female controlled contraceptive. She founded the American Birth Control League which later became Planned Parenthood Federation of America. That time issues regarding birth control and contraception was considered obscene and this results to continuous government harassment and closure of her shops. The Comstock Act which was passed in 1873 states that it is illegal to convey any information or devices that could be used f or preventing conception and defined it as obscene was used against Sanger in her advocacy (Battaglia, 1998). It was the government that controlled the access of poor women to birth control, sterilization and abortion for the most part of the 20th century. Primarily concerned about the maternal and infant mortality, the officials began to offer access to birth control centers but women have limited access. Birth control has difficulty in finding legislative support mainly because of the eugenic rhetoric and arguments used by supporters to promote them. There are four main groups that influenced the nature and delivery of the policies. First are the medical and social scientists that offer theories about the origins and characteristics of poverty and proposed solutions that involved the control of reproduction. Second are the leading health and welfare professionals that shaped public policy and influenced the nature of reproductive services. Third, the state and county officials who implemented public health and welfare policies shaped the delivery of reproductive services. Finally, the poor and minority women targeted by the programs responded to them. Factors such as sexuality, class and racial conflicts shaped the negotiations over reproductive control. The ability of women to control their sexuality in terms and conditions of motherhood are the center of debates about birth control. Class and racial background determines whether women will have access to reproductive health care. It was assumed by Policy makers and health and welfare professionals that poor single mothers in particular if they are African American, Hispanic, or Native American-lacked the ability to function properly as mothers and that they should be discouraged from further childbearing.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in contracting Term Paper

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in contracting - Term Paper Example In effect, some legal institutions now demand some parties to turn to Alternative Dispute Resolution of some form, normally meditation, before allowing the cases of the parties to be resolved. The escalating reputation of Alternative Dispute Resolution can be described by the rising caseload of conventional courts, the view that Alternative Dispute Resolution inflicts lesser costs than court cases, a preference for privacy, and the need of some parties to have enhanced influence over the choice of the individual or people who will tackle their dispute. Also, a number of the senior judges in certain areas are resiliently favoring the use of mediation in dealing with disputes. The Alternative Dispute Resolution methods are adaptable and flexible to the distinctiveness of each exclusive case and permit the parties to contemplate their individual risks of proceedings. Nevertheless, the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution is a consensual issue and cannot be employed without the agreemen t of the parties in a contract (Sourdin, 2002). This paper will look at Alternative Dispute Resolution in contracting. ... There are also independent techniques, for example, ombuds offices and mediation programs within an organization. Nevertheless, the techniques are identical, whether they are pendant or not and commonly employ the same skill or tool sets, which are largely divisions of the negotiation techniques (Lynch, 2001). In addition, Alternative Dispute Resolution comprises formal tribunals, informal tribunals, formal mediative processes, and informal mediative processes. The typical formal tribunal forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution are private judges and arbitration. The common formal mediative procedure is transfer for mediation before a court appointed mediation panel or mediator. Additionally, common informal techniques include intercession, transfer to non-formal authorities, and social processes (Kellett, 2007). The main variations between formal and informal procedures include the possession or absence of a formal structure for the procedure application and pendency to the procedur e of a court. Requiring the services of an organizational ombudsman’s office is not considered to be a formal process. This is usually voluntary. The International Ombudsman Association Standards of Practice asserts that people should not be compelled to seek the services of an ombuds office. Also, organizational ombuds offices refer individuals to available conflict management alternatives in the organization, both interest-based and right-based, and formal and informal. Moreover, ombuds offices can provide a variety of alternatives themselves because they do not have the decision making authority. This range of alternatives is frequently ignored in existing discussions of Alternative Dispute Resolution (Ruth,

Rewrite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Rewrite - Essay Example Coming into contact with feces of an infected person is one way through which hepatitis A can be acquired or transmitted from one person to the other. Moreover, if a person fails to wash their hands appropriately after using bathroom, they can get infected (Gallagher 9); furthermore, hepatitis A can be transmitted to those individuals engaging in oral or anal sex especially with those that are infected as well as through blood transfusion, although this situation happens occasionally (Mushahwar 2). In addition, transmission of HAV though the consumption of contaminated food and water can be associated with increased outbreaks of this disease globally. Normally, the incubation period of hepatitis A is between 14 and 28 days (WHO), but everyone’s body responds to it differently and exhibit different symptoms of the disease. Some individuals may not show any sign at all but they are infected with this virus; for instance, individuals with subclinical hepatitis have neither sympto ms nor jaundice (Mushahwar 8). Moreover, signs and symptoms of Hepatitis B are more predominant in adults than in children since children have more mild reaction to Hepatitis A as opposed to adults. Symptoms of hepatitis A are jaundice, dark urine, extreme fatigue, vomiting, nausea, colored stool among others (Davis 3), but jaundice occurs in more than 70 % HAV infection cases (WHO). Hepatitis A virus has been known to be one of the oldest diseases affecting humankind, and it was discovered by Steven Feinstone in early 1990’s. The recommended diagnosis of hepatitis A is â€Å"testing the patients’ sera for the presence of certain anti-viral antibodies† (Mushahwar 1), whereby a positive test for anti-HAV is an indication that a person has been exposed to this virus before or is infected. Moreover, this virus can be diagnosed through determining HAV antibody in the feces (Mushahwar 9). Arguably, people who are susceptible to HAV infection are those that not vaccin ated against hepatitis A, travelers exploring places where the virus is endemic, men having sex with men, and people with chronic liver disease (WHO). Additionally, injecting drug users with unsterilized needles and medical personnel in hospitals are also at risk of HAV infection (Mushahwar 13). However, hepatitis A can be avoided by washing hands and engaging in safe sexual activities and by doing this, this endemic disease can be eradicated easily. In most cases, hepatitis is a treatable disease, but leads to death on rare occasion especially when diagnosed late or not treated (Gallagher 8). There are low infection rates the United States and other wealthy states since they are aware of proper hygiene (Gallagher 10); nevertheless, research shows that people aged five to forty are the most vulnerable to HAV infection. According to WHO, about 33, 288 people were infected in 1976, but when the vaccine was administered, this number reduced to seven, 653. This is a clear indication tha t the use of vaccine in preventing HAV is effective and can help in reducing this infection. Moreover, proper hygiene should be individual’s main concern since worldwide outbreaks and localized infections are very common in areas with poor sanitation. Some of the places that are at a higher risk of HAV infection are Africa, Southeast Asia, Middle East as well as some parts of South America. In these places, HAV infection is mainly spread through person-to-person contact by the fecal oral route,

Psychology of Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology of Women - Essay Example The first portrayal of bias in the media is seen through the concept of feminism, which is represented by the main character, Margaret Tate. This character is seen as an independent woman from the beginning, and is often referred to as a witch by others in the office. Margaret is recognized as successful and as an editor that is able to help her publishing company reach more success. The feminist perspective and bias that is noted from the beginning is one that shows the independence of the working woman and the way that women who are independent act toward others. For a woman to carry this level of success, compromises of being a woman are made. As the movie continues, this is seen as Margaret reveals that she has given up a social life and marriage for the sake of the business and to be an independent woman. This relates directly to the juxtaposed debates of feminism, which states that working women can’t be housewives and often compromise ideas of femininity for their succe ss. This results as an expectation from society and what is occurring among others in the office. The concept of feminism and independence is one of the most important aspects of this film with the reversal of expectations that begin to occur. This relates directly to the main plot, which shows Margaret asking Andrew to marry her for the sake of her job. Margaret takes the role of a male in her assertiveness and in her proposal to Andrew at the beginning of the film. The media portrays Margaret as the feminist who is independent and who will do anything for the sake of her job while leaving behind her traditional role. This is important for the identity of feminism and the perception of how women take this role in society. However, the media also shows the underlying tone of feminism and how this is an illusion. By the end of the film, Margaret is seen as

Aristotle Virtue Ethics Essay Example for Free

Aristotle Virtue Ethics Essay One basic notion in Aristotelian ethics that occupies a central significance is Aristotle’s belief in the role of man’s activities in order for one to acquire ethical knowledge. That is, for one to become virtuous or to obtain virtues one should not merely confine himself to mere studying of these virtues but rather one should, more importantly, actualize this knowledge of the virtues. Thus, for one to become good, one should do good. Aristotle further stretches his ideas by proposing the doctrine of the mean. The essence of this doctrine dwells on the basic precept that one ought to avoid the extremes and, instead, settle for the â€Å"mean†. The actions of men, more specifically, ought to be framed upon the â€Å"mean† which is the virtue. For example, the virtue of courage rests on the mean between two extremes: cowardice or the â€Å"lack† of courage, and rashness or the â€Å"excess† in courage. It can easily be observed that Aristotle suggests that one should live a life that does not border on the things that are on the â€Å"most† and the â€Å"least† levels. For example, if I were to follow Aristotle’s ethics I should always see to it that I should consistently draw myself towards the middle value and avoid slanting towards cowardice and excess. All this could have been very well except for one small thing that I cannot seem to fully comprehend. How is it possible for one to ascertain that one is actually taking the middle path? Or how is it possible for one to know that this or that is the middle value or is the virtuous action? Perhaps the key in having an understanding to the notion of the â€Å"mean† is that one should act. That is, as I continually have these ideas as to what I must do when faced with an ethical situation or, at the least, an ordinary situation, I should nonetheless take the course of action so that I will be able to obtain a qualitative understanding that what I am doing is the â€Å"excess†. On the other hand, I will be having quite a rough time in acquiring the understanding as to whether the action that I am doing is virtuous if all that I do is to theorize and never let my theory be put into practice. Aristotle’s virtue ethics reminds me of Plato’s conception of ethics. For the most part of the Republic, Plato attempts to arrive at a conception of a just life by centering on the notion that the just life or that which is good is better than living a life molded on an evil framework and one which prompts individuals to act in an evil manner. At the onset of the Republic’s Book II, a conception of the idea of â€Å"justice† is advanced as the working of an individual in accordance to the role in which one is best suited as well as the belief for non-interference in the activities of others. In essence, this principle is closely related to Plato’s perspective on acting in accordance to one’s nature or intrinsic being which results to the state or condition of being â€Å"just† or acting justly once the individual acts in line to his very nature. Otherwise, if one begins to act beyond what his nature prescribes, then the individual begins to act in an unjust manner thereby resulting to â€Å"evil† actions (Plato and Kamtekar). While Aristotle insists that one should put into action the thought that one may have so as to have an understanding of the middle value that should be taken, Plato, on the other hand, suggests that one should simply go by with one’s nature so as not to be â€Å"evil†. If I were to choose which ethical precept would be better or would fit me best, I would rather be inclined to adopt Aristotle’s virtue ethics over the other because it offers me a chance to actualize myself through my actions and be guided accordingly. Whereas for Plato, what I am seeing is that I should get to know my self first before I act so that I can be good. But this cannot be met easily essentially because I find it quite difficult to know myself if I would not act first. In the light, if all the students in a certain class would build up a virtue like that of Aristotle’s point of view, the achievement of an environment which is formidably that built on the concept of philosophical and tremendously beneficial notions in life, the attainment of the virtue of goodness is towering in the highest hopes—although it eventually does not also undermine the concept of realism. Apparently, many may not stick on this kind of perception and ought to think that it is certainly not possible to achieve a life which is way beyond the bounds of a â€Å"not-so-good† life for that instance, but with the maximum height of human rationality, such may be given enough credit for the philosophers who believed in a life where â€Å"goodness comes in deeds† (Lannstrom). Work Cited Lannstrom, Anna. Loving the Fine: Virtue and Happiness in Aristotles Ethics. Indiana USA: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006. Plato, and R. Kamtekar. The Conventional View of Justice Developed. Trans. D. Lee. The Republic. 2 ed: Penguin Classics, 2003. 8-14.

Dont Mistake Legibility for Communication Analysis

Dont Mistake Legibility for Communication Analysis CRITICAL STUDY IN ART DESIGN DONT MISTAKE LEGIBILITY FOR COMMUNICATION David Carson | Discuss It is the art director, graphic designer and surfer David Carson (b. 1954) who stated during his 2013 TED Talk, Dont mistake legibility for communication. Since making this statement, designers have had to rethink what it means to communicate; especially when attempting to interact and engage with their target audience. However, is Carsons statement true? As it can be argued that legibility is the basis for something to not only be readable but also understood and therefore communicated. Conversely, if communication is the goal then the aim is more than just making something legible. Therefore, this discussion will explore and present arguments for and against the statement Carson made, define and explain the terms legibility and communication, and to document the social and historical context behind Carsons statement to establish whether it was valid or not. To begin, when something is being communicated it can be received by the audience visually, verbally, nonverbally or in its written form. The field of a Graphic Designer is visual communication as they attempt to incorporate, or least infer these elements through their designs. For that reason, visual communication or more specifically, production in print, will be the focus for this discussion as that is what Carsons statement pertains to. In regards to Carsons statement, the word legibility is mentioned. This word can be simply defined as how recognisable individual letterforms are (Tselentis, J et al. 2012 p. 324). In a segment of Carsons 2003 Design And Discovery TED Talk, he presents the following image with his statement: Carson then goes on to say the following about his image (Figure 2) and gives his opinion about the statement in regards to legibility and communication, where he states, I like this [image] for a couple of reasons. If youve had any design courses, they would teach you cant read this. I think you eventually can and, more importantly, I think its true. Dont mistake legibility for communication. Just because somethings legible doesnt mean it communicates. More importantly, it doesnt mean it communicates the right thing (Carson 2003). As Carson suggests (2003) the primary goal of the designer is to communicate a message. However (in his own words) more importantly, it is to communicate the right thing. The question to then be considered is to ask what communication is in the first place? John DiMarco (b. 1963) in his book Digital Design For Print and Web (2010) explains that communication is a process, in which, . requires a sender (the designer), a message (information or an effort to persuade), a medium (the delivery platform), and a receiver of that message (the audience). Here, it can be understood that during the communication process it is the designers job to send a message. DiMarco (2010) then states that, the goals of such messages are to inform, to persuade, to educate, or to entertain.ÂÂ   The designer having a communication goal in mind then uses the message and medium to reach their audience. Bearing this all in mind, we are then left to ask why is communicating the right thing so important to Carson? In the 2007 Helvetica documentary, Carson states, Dont confuse, legibility with communication. And just because somethings legible, doesnt mean it communicates, and more importantly doesnt mean it communicates the right thing. And vice versa. If something is a very important message, and its said in a boring, nondescript way, then the message can be lost (Carson 2007). The goal for Carson then seems to be that is must communicate the right thing otherwise known as effective communication. The message cannot be lost through the medium. Which would then leads to the message not being received by the anticipated audience. Nevertheless, what is effective communication and how does it differ from regular communication? The difference seems to lie in the way something is communicated. It can be argued, (as Carson seems to) therefore, that this is just as important, if not more important than the content of the message itself. This point is noted by Art Director and Graphic Designer Kaitlyn Wells (b. 1988) who suggests (2011) to communicate does not mean the designer has to send a message which is merely legible. As for Wells, legibility in itself does not equate to communicating effectively. In her blog post Dont Mistake Legibility for Communication Wells writes, Just because you can read it, doesnt mean it is communicating the intended message. David Carson is famous for his crazy typography and his ability to connect emotion, design and key messages in an effective, impactful way.ÂÂ   Some of it is legible, some of it is not, but all of it delivers a message (Wells 2011). Here, Wells makes the distinction between legibility and effective communication, noting how important it is to make sure that the audience actually receives the message through the emotion behind it and not just the content of the message itself. For Carson, it is not sufficient for something to merely be legible, as it is only one of the potential tools that can be used to achieve the end goal of communicating a message. Carson seems to be able to attract his intended audience in such a way that he not only gets his message across but manages to emotionally connect and engage with them as well. In The Emotion Thesaurus (2012)Ackerman and Puglisi state that the sole reason people pick up a printed production is . to have an emotional experience. They read to connectIt can be argued that this is the same communication goal of Carson too. This can be further demonstrated through some examples of Carsons designs in the Ray Gun publication (1992) which Carson was the art director of: According to DiMarco (2011), after Carson was appointed Art Director for the Ray Gun publication its circulation tripled, emphasising the effectiveness of Carsons designs. DiMarco then states that the magazine was created as an anti-glossy, anti-establishment manifesto that became a synonym of rock roll, rebellion and alternative spirit. This was the audience that Carson was attempting to reach. Therefore, the layout design needed to not only reflect this but to find a way to effectively communicate and connect with his audience as well. In Carsons TED Talk he speaks about the following car garages (see figure 6): Here Carson points out that the two car garage doors displayed (see Figure 6) are both legible and communicate the same message. However, the way the message is communicated is different. As it can be seen that the garage to the left is legible and the message is clear NO PARKING. Stylistically the way that this message has been presented would likely be seen as generic, informative and neutral. Conversely, it could be argued that the garage to the right gives the reader a different feel as the message would likely be interpreted in a different manner to the garage on the left. As the garage to rights with its NO PARKING message has a bold and humanistic style which seems to give it a different tone to the intended viewer. Although it could be argued that this is unintentional the feeling seems to persist nevertheless. The underlining of the same NO PARKING message seems to emphasise the gravity of what is being communicated. All of these stylistic elements add to the way the message is intended to be received by transmitting through the text the emotion of the message. Moreover, other examples of text being written in capitals tend to convey the emotion of anger and often transmits the message of somebody shouting; which in both cases demands that the message being communicated is to be taken seriously as it has been delivered in a direct and effective manner. Carson (2003) himself then goes on to explain about the garage doors in the following way, Im a big believer in the emotion of design, and the message thats sent before somebody begins to read, before they get the rest of the information. That area of design interests me the most. These are a couple of garage doors painted identical, situated next to each other. So, heres the first door. You know, you get the message. You know, its pretty clear. Take a look at the second door and see if theres any different message. O.K, which one would you park in front of? Same colour, same message, same words. The only thing thats different is the expression that the individual door-owner here put into the piece and, again, which is the psycho-killer here? Yet it doesnt say that; it doesnt need to say that. I would probably park in front of the other one (Carson 2003). For Carsons own designs, it seems his focus is on the way he communicates his message. Carson appears to designs his layouts intuitively to create a visceral reaction and response. His designs must connect with his audience emotionally for them to be effective and even if the content of the message cannot do this alone then the way the message has been designed will help the communication process of achieving Carsons communication goal. This can be seen in his designs for The Book Of Probes by Marshall McLuhan. Whilst it may seem that Carsons statement cannot be refuted there have been those that have done so. One example of someone that has vehemently disapproved Carsons methodology, is design writer Joe Clark. In his article titled Illegible David Carson cannot communicate originally published in the Globe and Mail (1995), Clark writes that, Typography is supposed to be invisible. If the intended reader actually notices the typography and graphic design on a page, then youve failed as a designer. The goal of communication is achieved only when typography does not distract (Clark 1995). This line of thinking was influenced from Beatrice Wardes (b. 1900) lecture titled, The Crystal Goblet, or Why Printing Should Be Invisible (1930). Both Clark and Wardes focus is on the content of the message and that the legibility of the message detracts from what is trying to be communicated. Otherwise, the message can be distorted where the information that is trying to be communicated is not what was originally intended. DiMarco (2011) notes how Carson, broke the rules in every way. including negative leading, overlapping, layering, and creating absurd compositional layouts, such as backwards text settings and columns of texts that bled off the page or aligned or overlapped each other. This can be seen in below (figure 8). In Noah Reads article (2009) in regards to Wardes lecture he notes that, Warde asserts that the purpose of written text is thought transference and any type that does anything to distract from that goal is a failure in its purpose. Type is there to illuminate the thoughts and ideas contained in the written word (Read 2009). Here, Read highlights how Warde deems anything that detracts from the content of the message to be a failure in its purpose. In relation to Carson, this would be a failure in his attempt to communicate with his audience. For Warde, the text used in the message should only be implemented to aid the content and the content alone. However, as mentioned earlier, Carson has demonstrated that he arranges the type to effectively communicate rather than to merely share the content alone. For Clark, in his article he rebuked the Ray Gun publication by noting that, Every single typesetting rule of thumb you could possibly come up with has been broken in Ray Guns brief history: Overlapping blocks of copy; light text against dark backgrounds; dark text against dark backgrounds; running text across pages, including stories that are read horizontally across columns (just hop over the gutter between them); deliberately running photos upside-down (Clark 1995). For Clark it seems as if he felt Carsons, Dont mistake legibility, for communication statement was taken to the extreme where because both the message was legible and the audience could misinterpret its intended point too through the way it was designed; then for Clark surely the communication and intended message failed, as the design was illegible in its content and missed the mark in its execution. However, this assertion of Clarks is subjective at best and judging by the sales of the Ray Gun magazine it is presumptive at worse because as mentioned before the publication sold many copies to those prior to Cason design. Additional to this point, it was the philosopher and Professor Marshall McLuhan (b. 1911) who wrote in his book Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (1964) that, the medium is the message. By this, he meant that it is the form of the medium, not the content of the message or even the message itself that is most important. An example, which could argue how Carson supports this theory is where he employs a similar idea into one of his articles for the Ray Gun magazine publication where he uses the Zapf Dingbat typeface. In regards to Carson using the Zapf Dingbat typeface, he states in an interview with Design Boom (2014) that it was one of his favourite briefs. During the interview he shares, We had a new writer from a much bigger music mag, and I was really excited to read this article when it came in. but I was really disappointed to find it was like sooo many others: the writer had been given 10 minutes before the performer went on stage to do his entire interview, and as such he reported the typical stuff like what the singer was wearing, what was in the room etc. boring stuff Id read so many times before. I started going through my fonts, finding nothing that felt right, then came across dingbat. Which would have been the last one on my very extensive list, as its known by the designers name zapf dingbats. Im sure I chuckled a bit, then thought, well, why not? It was a really boring article. So the entire article was set in zapf dingbat (Design Boom 2014). This exemplifies that for Carson communicating his work was more than using words alone but even the piece itself could be communicated through the medium rather than with merely the content. Especially if the content served no purpose in taking the reader on an emotional journey It could be inferred that the purpose the Zapf Dingbat that was to do precisely that to bring excitement, joy and humour to what would have been a boring, dull tedious article. David Carsons statement (2003) Dont mistake legibility for communication is both challenging and thought-provoking. As stated beforehand, not all designers would agree with Carsons evaluation of effective communication. As Carsons statement seems paradoxical at first but when understood in its proper context it appears to be congruent when seen in light of his work. However, when compared with traditional teachings and lectures as to how typography in publications should be treated, it can be argued that the designer could fail in making his or her work both illegible and even worse this may lead to the message of the designer not communicating its desired effect too. Nonetheless, to confine communication to only being something that can be achieved through legibility in content only takes away from what effective communication can be. Taking this into consideration, despite his critics and given his numerous supporters, it is still justifiable to argue that Carson has made a salient point in the Graphic Design world; as it is still relevant today as it was when he first stated it. Consequently, it can be strongly argued that it renders Carson statement, Dont mistake legibility for communication as valid. Reference List Books Tselentis, J., Haley, A., Poulin R., Seddon T., Leonidas G., and Saltz I. (2012) Typography, Referenced: A Comprehensive Visual Guide to the Language, History, and Practice of Typography. Beverly, MA: Rockport Publishers. DiMarco, J. (2010) Digital Design for Print and Web: An Introduction to Theory, Principles, and Techniques. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Ackerman A., and Puglisi B. (2012) The Emotion Thesaurus: A Writers Guide To Character Expression. Seattle: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Websites Wells, K. (2011) Dont Mistake Legibility For Communication. Available at: http://www.stokefire.com/2011/06/dont-mistake-legibility-for-communication/ (Accessed: 15 December 2016) Clark, J. (2011) Illegible David Carson cannot not communicate. Available at: http://joeclark.org/design/davidcarson.html (Accessed: 13 February 2017) DiMarco, D (2011) David Carson. Available at: http://www.csun.edu/~pjd77408/DrD/Art461/LecturesAll/Lectures/PublicationDesign/DigitalTimes/Davidi-Carson.html (Accessed: 12 February 2017) Noah, R (2009) Graphic Design Theory: The Crystal Goblet. Available at: https://noahread.net/blog/graphic-design-theory-the-crystal-goblet (Accessed: 12 February 2017) Design Boom (2014) Interview with Graphic Designer David Carson. Available at: http://www.designboom.com/design/interview-with-graphic-designer-david-carson-09-22-2013/ (Accessed: 12 February 2017) TED Talks Carson, D. (2003) David Carson: Design and discovery. Available at: http://www.ted.com/talks/david_carson_on_design (Accessed: 21 November 2015) DVD Helvetica (2007) Directed by Gary Hustwit [DVD]. London: Plexi Film. Image List Figure 1 : David Carson: (2004) Design Indaba Speaker [Profile Picture]. Available from: http://www.designindaba.com/profiles/david-carson (Accessed: 3 December 2016) Figure 2. Dont mistake legibility for communication: Thomas, C. (2013) Legibility Vs Communication in Design David Carsons point of view. [Ted Talk]. Available from: https://postmodernmovieposter.wordpress.com/2013/12/30/legibility-vs-communication-in-design-david-carsons-point-of-view/ (Accessed: November 26 2016) Figure 3. Communication Process: Bowers, J. (2006) A Communication Model. Available from: http://www.jerf.org/writings/communicationEthics/node4.html (Accessed: February 12 2017) Figure 4. Cold Sweat. Carson, D. (1989) David Carson. Available from: http://www.davidcarsondesign.com/ (Accessed: February 12 2017) Figure 5. Ray Gun magazine designs. DiMarco, J. (2011) David Carson. Available from: http://www.csun.edu/~pjd77408/DrD/Art461/LecturesAll/Lectures/PublicationDesign/DigitalTimes/Davidi-Carson.html (Accessed: February 12 2017) Figure 6. NO PARKING: Thomas, C. (2013) Legibility Vs Communication in Design David Carsons point of view. [Ted Talk]. Available from: https://postmodernmovieposter.wordpress.com/2013/12/30/legibility-vs-communication-in-design-david-carsons-point-of-view/ (Accessed: November 26 2016) Figure 7. Book Of Probes. Carson, D. (2002) David Carson. Available from: http://www.davidcarsondesign.com/ (Accessed: February 12 2017) Figure 8. Breaking The Rules. DiMarco, J. (2011) David Carson. Available from: http://www.csun.edu/~pjd77408/DrD/Art461/LecturesAll/Lectures/PublicationDesign/DigitalTimes/Davidi-Carson.html (Accessed: February 12 2017) Figure 9. Breaking The Rules 2. DiMarco, J. (2011) David Carson. Available from: http://www.csun.edu/~pjd77408/DrD/Art461/LecturesAll/Lectures/PublicationDesign/DigitalTimes/Davidi-Carson.html (Accessed: February 12 2017) Figure 10. Dingbat. DiMarco, J. (2011) David Carson. Available from: http://www.csun.edu/~pjd77408/DrD/Art461/LecturesAll/Lectures/PublicationDesign/DigitalTimes/Davidi-Carson.html (Accessed: February 12 2017) Bibliography Books Meggs, P (2011) Meggs History of Graphic Design. 5th edn. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kunz, W. (2004) Typography: Formation and Transformation: Introduction to Typographic Process. Salenstein: Braun Publisher. Lupton, E (2010) Thinking With Type: A Critical Guide for Designers, Writers, Editors, and Students. 2nd edn. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Craig J., Bevington W., and Koral Scala I. (2006) Designing with Type: The Essential Guide to Typography. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications Inc. Tselentis, J., Haley, A., Poulin R., Seddon T., Leonidas G., and Saltz I. (2012) Typography, Referenced: A Comprehensive Visual Guide to the Language, History, and Practice of Typography. Beverly, MA: Rockport Publishers. Armstrong, H. (2009) Graphic Design Theory: Readings from the Field. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. DiMarco, J. (2010) Digital Design for Print and Web: An Introduction to Theory, Principles, and Techniques. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Ackerman A., and Puglisi B. (2012) The Emotion Thesaurus: A Writers Guide To Character Expression. Seattle: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Websites Bradley, S. (2010) Legibility And Readability In Typographic Design. Available at: http://vanseodesign.com/web-design/legible-readable-typography/ (Accessed: 30 November 2015) Thomas, C. (2013) Legibility Vs Communication in Design David Carsons point of view. Available at: https://postmodernmovieposter.wordpress.com/2013/12/30/legibility-vs-communication-in-design-david-carsons-point-of-view/ (Accessed: November 26 2016) Clark, J. (2011) Illegible David Carson cannot not communicate. Available at: http://joeclark.org/design/davidcarson.html (Accessed: 13 February 2017) Wells, K. (2011) Dont Mistake Legibility For Communication. Available at: http://www.stokefire.com/2011/06/dont-mistake-legibility-for-communication/ (Accessed: 15 December 2016) DiMarco, D (2011) David Carson. Available at: http://www.csun.edu/~pjd77408/DrD/Art461/LecturesAll/Lectures/PublicationDesign/DigitalTimes/Davidi-Carson.html (Accessed: 12 February 2017) Noah, R (2009) Graphic Design Theory: The Crystal Goblet. Available at: https://noahread.net/blog/graphic-design-theory-the-crystal-goblet (Accessed: 12 February 2017) Design Boom (2014) Interview with Graphic Designer David Carson. Available at: http://www.designboom.com/design/interview-with-graphic-designer-david-carson-09-22-2013/ (Accessed: 12 February 2017) Lynda Adams, S. (2014) Foundations of Graphic Design History. Available at: http://www.lynda.com/Design-Color-tutorials/American-corporate-identity/166781/363080-4.html (Accessed: 24 November 2015) Saltz, I. (2013) Foundations of Typography. Available at: http://www.lynda.com/Design-Typography-tutorials/Foundations-Typography/106698-2.html (Accessed: 29 December 2015) YouTube Carson, D. (2012) David Carson: David Carson Techniques in Design. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1pQTuJfUi8 (Accessed: 21 November 2015) Puschak, E. (2015) Atemporality: Our Relationship To History Has Changed. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAv5EKvRrco (Accessed: 02 January 2017) TED Talks Carson, D. (2003) David Carson: Design and discovery. Available at: http://www.ted.com/talks/david_carson_on_design (Accessed: 21 November 2015) DVD Helvetica (2007) Directed by Gary Hustwit [DVD]. London: Plexi Film.

Free Essay on The Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

Free Essay on The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The catcher in the rye is a work of fiction and a   tragic-comedy. I came to choose it because I heard it is about a boy who is around my age.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this book, the main character, Holden Caulfield, tells us a story about what happened during his Christmas vacation. Holden is a sixteen-year-old boy who has flunked out of a private prep school. Because he is afraid that his parents would find out this fact, he goes to a hotel in New York City instead of going home after he leaves school for Christmas vacation. In New York, many things happen to him within a few days. For example, he goes to the hotel bar and meets three women after he first arrives there. The women go away soon after he fails to talk with them, and Holden feels lonely and depressed. He goes to another bar to find someone to spend some time with, but he fails to find anyone to talk to and comes back to the hotel feeling more depressed. In the hotel, he meets a prostitute, but he sends her back without having sex because he feels depressed and sorry for her. He was further disappointed   when she tries to rob him of his money even though he tries to be nice to her. In the next morning, he has a date with an old girl friend, and asks her to flee from this corrupt world and live in the woods with him. However, she tells him he is crazy and then leaves him. Holden meets some more people later, but they also cannot solve his problems, and he feels more and more depressed and lonely. He finally decides to run away and live as a deaf-mute who will not need to communicate with anyone. Before leaving, he goes to say good-bye to his little sister, Pheobe, who he admires the most. While talking and playing with her, Holden changes his mind and decides to rejoin his family and because he realizes there are many things that he cannot solve by himself.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The theme of this novel is how innocence is corrupted by society. Holden thinks everybody who is grown up is a phony because their behavior and advice are all false. The title of

The Usurper in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

The Usurper in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth there is an ambitious captain who takes the throne of Scotland by force. Let's examine his character in this paper.    Lily B. Campbell in her volume of criticism, Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes: Slaves of Passion, explores the workings of Macbeth's mind as he plots the destruction of Banquo and son :    If the witches have spoken as truly to Banquo as to him, Macbeth sees that he wears a "fruitless crown" and carries a "barren sceptre" in his hand; he has indeed given peace and immortality to make the race of Banquo kings. And he proceeds to his interview with the murderers, plotting what he dare not do openly, for the fear that comes when we are rivals for a thing and cannot both have it makes it seem to Macbeth:    That every minute of his being thrusts Against my near'st of life;    and he will kill his fear by having Banquo and Fleance both put to death.(224)    In Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack shows how Macbeth complements his wife:    Her fall is instantaneous, even eager, like Eve's in Paradise Lost; his is gradual and reluctant, like Adam's. She needs only her husband's letter about the weyard sisters' prophecy to precipitate her resolve to kill Duncan. Within an instant she is inviting murderous spirits to unsex her, fill her with cruelty, thicken her blood, convert her mother's milk to gall, and darken the world "That my keen knife see not the wound it makes" (1.5.50). Macbeth, in contrast, vacillates. The images of the deed that possess him simultaneously repel him (1.3.130, 1.7.1) When she proposes Duncan's murder, he temporizes: "We will speak further" (1.5.69). (189)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson tells how the audience is inclined to identify with such a rogue as Macbeth:    That such a man should sacrifice all the wealth of his human spirit - his kindness, his love, his very soul - to become a victim to continual fears, a tyrant ruthlessly murdering in the vain attempt to feel safe, finally to be killed like a foul beast of prey - this is terrible, and pitiful, too. Shakespeare has here achieved for us most poignantly the ambivalence of the tragic effect Aristotle described. We The Usurper in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays The Usurper in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth there is an ambitious captain who takes the throne of Scotland by force. Let's examine his character in this paper.    Lily B. Campbell in her volume of criticism, Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes: Slaves of Passion, explores the workings of Macbeth's mind as he plots the destruction of Banquo and son :    If the witches have spoken as truly to Banquo as to him, Macbeth sees that he wears a "fruitless crown" and carries a "barren sceptre" in his hand; he has indeed given peace and immortality to make the race of Banquo kings. And he proceeds to his interview with the murderers, plotting what he dare not do openly, for the fear that comes when we are rivals for a thing and cannot both have it makes it seem to Macbeth:    That every minute of his being thrusts Against my near'st of life;    and he will kill his fear by having Banquo and Fleance both put to death.(224)    In Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack shows how Macbeth complements his wife:    Her fall is instantaneous, even eager, like Eve's in Paradise Lost; his is gradual and reluctant, like Adam's. She needs only her husband's letter about the weyard sisters' prophecy to precipitate her resolve to kill Duncan. Within an instant she is inviting murderous spirits to unsex her, fill her with cruelty, thicken her blood, convert her mother's milk to gall, and darken the world "That my keen knife see not the wound it makes" (1.5.50). Macbeth, in contrast, vacillates. The images of the deed that possess him simultaneously repel him (1.3.130, 1.7.1) When she proposes Duncan's murder, he temporizes: "We will speak further" (1.5.69). (189)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson tells how the audience is inclined to identify with such a rogue as Macbeth:    That such a man should sacrifice all the wealth of his human spirit - his kindness, his love, his very soul - to become a victim to continual fears, a tyrant ruthlessly murdering in the vain attempt to feel safe, finally to be killed like a foul beast of prey - this is terrible, and pitiful, too. Shakespeare has here achieved for us most poignantly the ambivalence of the tragic effect Aristotle described. We

Human cloning: what are the ethics, applications and potential undesira

Mankind has always tried to extend his knowledge about the properties of every living thing; it is an integral part of human nature. What is also important about it is that there is constant disagreement in new views between scientists and society. One such problem is the question of human cloning. Firstly, the term â€Å"cloning† must be defined: â€Å"Cloning is the production of an exact genetic duplicate of a living organism or cell† (Baird 2002, 20). This procedure not only led to producing a sheep, Dolly, but it can also have other very useful applications. Using different methods of cloning is expected to change radically the process of organ transplantation and it is a way of finding appropriate treatments of diseases. As a result of this sick people can be cured and other cases might be prevented. Despite these apparently positive applications, there are some very weighty arguments against human cloning, the main one being that the idea of cloning runs counter to religion and centuries-old principles. The aim of this paper is to consider the ethics of human cloning and analyse its applications and potential drawbacks. Main body There is one very important aspect about cloning – in general there are two basic methods of cloning: reproductive and therapeutic. Not everyone is acquainted with this information, so when the word â€Å"cloning† is used, it evokes the concept of reproductive cloning, â€Å"armies of obedient replicants†, which may appear risible, but â€Å"22% of respondents in ... Time/CNN poll gave this fear as their reason for opposing reproductive cloning† (Levy and Lotz 2005, 234). The following will describe the procedure of reproductive cloning, the reasons for rejecting it and arguments for this method. The aim of reprod... ...ificially conceived. It also has not been proven so far that he would have another constitution or different from usual people’s necessities of life. As it was written above, cloning could be helpful for infertile couples that want to have genetically close children to them. Nevertheless, opponents think that genetics is not compulsory in this situation and it is possible to love adopted children as well as own, so long as the role of mutual understanding is more important than genes. At the same time everyone has a right to marry and to have children, so why it is immoral to have a cloned offspring, if it would make parents happier and possibly will improve demographics in some countries. To sum up the theme of reproductive cloning is complicated and there is no single point of view in all categories, however, discussion of therapeutic cloning is no less complex.

A gift called “Wife”

Somewhere, I remember, to have read about the Orientals’ concept of an ideal wife: â€Å"A real wife is like a minister for the personal affairs of her husband, a friend in executing his tasks, in affectionate dealings she is like his mother and in his bed she is like a courtesan. Such a wife is auspicious† (Garuda Purana, 1.64.6). Is there a word in English that adequately describes – such a paragon of virtues in the form of a beautiful, female, human-being, playing the role of a wife? If there is one, then few women indeed, would qualify to be described thus. Blessed indeed is the man, who is bestowed with such a woman, capable of enriching his entire life, filling it hope, happiness and healthy attitude. Personally, I must say, that I, am one of those lucky husbands who has been graced thus.   My wife is my savior, guide and friend; she is my albatross, averting the turbulent disasters that threaten to drown me in the ocean of my troubles, and guiding me to the shores of safety; very much like the woman praised by the Orientals. Ever since I met her, I have been drawn to her like a magnet. A young, beautiful woman, with a gorgeous body, lovely soft eyes and sensual lips, that make heads turn round instantly. Eligible suitors sought her, as do butterflies circle an attractive flower. Her eyes shone like stars, and her heart was filled with dreams – dreams of making it big, in the Hollywood. She has a sweet demeanor that hides the tensile nature of the resolute strength of her character and, little did I realize this invaluable asset at the time of our marriage. Nevertheless, I felt elated when she reciprocated my love and we walked down the Alter, as man and wife. But, I was to discover that, more than beauty, there were other things that contributed to her attractive personality. The adept professionalism in her single-handed management and smooth execution of our wedding plans to the last detail, unfolded a new aspect of her strength, to me. Our wedding day also revealed to me, the adamant streak in her. I remember, when all was ready and, I was about to enter the premises, she bid me on her mobile-phone, to fetch a particular candle she wanted lit on this special occasion. Unable to refuse the plea in her voice, I turned and started back. I remember, it was a chill, winter day, and a gust of cold wind pierced my face sharply, while searching for her car and groping with the keys. Sweat broke out on my forehead and my breath became heavy, as it was getting late, and I still couldn’t find candle in the place where she had supposed it to be; neither my words of counsel nor the advice of her bridesmaids (which got carried through on the mobile quite clearly), to proceed with the ceremonies without the candle, had little effect on her. It rather made her more stubborn, to have the candle fetched and lit, and she pined that none of us understood the deep significance of her actions. Whew! How I heaved a sigh of relief, when I finally found it. Thankfully, I dabbed away the sweat on my forehead with my handkerchief, and straightened my jacket, now that all was well. Later, I took ill and was down in bed requiring extra attention and care. There she was, by my side, with a soothing smile on her lips and a warm grasp on my wrist, feeling my pulse, monitoring my temperature, administering the drugs advised by the doctor, reassuring me all the time with kind words, that all shall be well. My heart was touched and eyes filled with unshed tears, when she made it to the doctor’s appointment, traveling across half the city – through peak traffic, despite her heavy schedule, to apprise the doctor regarding the status of my health and explore the options of my speedy recovery. The very same adamant streak came to the fore here in albeit in a very agreeable manner; with tenacity she clutched on to hope, never giving up, and adamantly pushed away pessimistic thoughts. Her son depends on this unique trait of hers, to prop him up during the defeating bouts of his mental-illness, and to keep him going. However, we her close kin and kith are not the only recipients of her kindness. She is surely a tower of strength, to many a friend and I personally know of few instances in which she has pulled some friends back from the brink of ruin. Now, am I not right in feeling that I have been graciously granted a rare and â€Å"auspicious† present in the form of a tenacious life-partner? Bibliography Garuda Purana, 1.64.6 –   Tr. J.L. Shastri/A board of scholars, Ancient Indian Tradition and Mythology 12-14, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1982. (extracts with notes in [] by JanM, 1997). Retrieved on 24th May, 2006, from website address:                     

Anatomical Organization Review Sheet

Answer the following questions using pigs. 13-16 and various organ system chapters of your text. A. Which is lateral: the tall or fibula? Fibula b. Which Is more distal: the ankle or knee? Ankle c. Circle or underline the correct statement: 1. The heart is ventral to the spinal cord. The heart is dorsal to the spinal cord. 2. The head is superior to the leg. The head is inferior to the leg. 3. The scapula is dorsal to the heart. The scapula is ventral to the heart. 4. The cranium is superficial to the brain. The cranium is deep to the brain. 2. Answer the following questions sing pigs. 7-18: a. What are the 3 regions of the thoracic cavity? Superior meditations, pleural cavity, pericardia cavity within the meditations b. What organ is housed in the pleural cavity? Lung c. What organs are housed In the meditations? Heart, esophagi, trachea, d. What organ Is found In the pericardia cavity? Heart e. What muscle separates the abdominally cavity from the thoracic cavity? Diaphragm f. What are the two regions (or spectacles) of the abdominally cavity? Abdominal and pelvic g. What organs are found in the abdominal cavity? Stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and others h.What organs are housed in the pelvic cavity? Urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum I. What organ is housed in the cranial cavity? Brain j. What is the viscera? Internal organs k. What is the peritoneum? Serous membrane lining the interior of the abdominal cavity covering the surface of abdominal organs l. What are the mesenteric? Double layer extensions of the peritoneum that support most organs in the abdominal cavity m. During surgery, the surgeon would encounter which layer first? 1. The visceral peritoneum or the parietal peritoneum (circle correct answer) 2. He stomach wall or he parietal peritoneum (circle correct answer) 3. The visceral pleura or the parietal pleura (circle correct answer)? 3. Answer the following using pig. 19. A. What organ(s) are housed in the orbital cavi ties? Eyes b. Synopsis cavities are found where? Within fibrous capsules that surround freely movable Joints of the body c. Now for a much harder question: Are the kidneys housed in a body cavity? If not, where are they specifically found? Yes, abdominal 4. Write the term each phrase describes. A. Extends from the stomach and drapes over the intestines. Greater momentum b.Attaches the heart to the body cavity. Arose c. Covers the surface of the lungs. Serous membrane d. Covers the surface of the abdominal organs. Serous membrane e. The lubricating liquid In serous cavities. Serous fluid f. Extends between the superior part of the stomach and the liver lesser momentum. G. Attaches the small intestines to the posterior body wall intestinal mucosa . H. Spleen, adrenal glands, abdominal aorta, inferior even cave, stomach. 5. List the nine abdominally regions and the location of each. Umbilical region – conferment region deep to and surrounding the naval.Epigenetic region – superior to the umbilical region Hypocrites region – inferior to the umbilical region Right and left iliac – lateral to the hypothermia region Right and left lumbar – lateral to the umbilical region Right and left hypochondriac regions – lateral to the epigenetic region 6. Name the quadrant(s) that the following organs predominately occupy: IRIS, LICK, RL, LLC. A. Liver rug b. Stomach lug c. Spleen rug e. Appendix RL d. Gall bladder rug f. Left kidney lug g. Uterus RL h. Pancreas RL 7. Write the anatomical terms that the phrase or word describes using pig. 14 and the chart on the website.Phrases or words referring to nouns are indicated. All other harass refer to adjectives. A. Navel (noun). Umbilical b. Pertaining to the area between the neck and abdomen. Thoracic c. Pertaining to the palm of hand. Palmary d. Pertaining to the high point of the shoulder. Cranial e. Pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow region. Electoral f. Pertaining to the ne ck. Cervical g. Pertaining to the posterior surface of the knee. Politely h. Wrist (noun). Carpal I. Pertaining to the area between the elbow and wrist. Interracial J. Back (noun). Dorsal k. Armpit area (noun). Auxiliary l. Pertaining to the mouth. Oral m.Pertaining to the anterior surface of the knee. Tattler n. Breast bone (noun). Mammary o. Pertaining to the hip. Coal p. Pertaining to the side of the leg. Femoral q. Pertaining to the calf. Surreal r. Pertaining to the fingers or toes. Phalanges s. Pertaining to the cheek. Mental t. Pertaining to the heel. Cleaned u. Pertaining to the sole of the foot. Plantar v. Pertaining to the head. Chalice w. Pertaining to the foot. Metatarsal x. Pertaining to the eye. Orbital y. Pertaining to the genital area. Pubic z. Pertaining to the area between the hip and knee. Femoral b. Pertaining to the spinal column. Vertebral c.Pertaining to the inferior back of the head. Capital ad. Pertaining to the anterior surface of the leg. Fibular e. Pertai ning to the area of the lower back or loin. Sacral if. Pertaining to the area of the back that contains the shoulder blades. Scapular g. Pertaining to the posterior surface of the elbow region. Electoral h. Arm (noun). Brachia 8. Write the name of the plane that the phrase describes. A. Divides body or organ into unequal right and left sections. Modalities b. Divides body or organ into anterior and posterior sections. Frontal c. Divides body or organ into superior and inferior sections. Transverse d.Divides body into right and left elves. Stagiest e. Which planes when passed through the body would result in two sections, with each section containing a piece of the heart and a piece of each lung? Oblique 9. Match each directional term on the left with the correct description on the right. _g_3. _J_6. Anterior lateral proximal inferior posterior medial distal superficial superior e_10. Deep a. To the side b. Away from a point of attachment c. Close to the body surface d. Front e. Away from the body surface f. Above, on top of toward a point of attachment g. H. Below, a lower level I. Back J. Toward the middle 10.

The Dimension of Inter-Professional Practice

Introduction This aim of this assignment is to analyse the unique role and contribution of nursing practices within inter-professional jobs and consider how inter-professional practices influence the way we manage the people in our care, using evidence based commentary. Mental illnesses are complex conditions and therefore cannot be managed by one professional. Holistic treatment of mental health patients requires a cohort of clinical professionals (Barker, 2008). For this assignment I chose Gibbs Reflective framework (1988) to enable my personal reflection and to improve my future nursing practice. In accordance with the NMC Code of Practice (2008) names have been changed to comply with confidentiality regulations; Grace will be my client’s name. Inter-Professional Team Working Pollard (2005), defined inter-professional working, as the process whereby members of different professions and/or agencies work together to provide integrated health and social care. Leathard (2003) states inter-professional working implies a group of professionals from different professions engaging in interdependent collaborations with mutual respect to provide integrated health and social care for the client’s benefit., Housley (2003) argues the multidisciplinary team is a group of people of different professions who meet regularly to discuss individual clients. Successful teamwork can have direct consequences for patient care and the inter-collaboration model of healthcare delivery is one of the most important modernisations of the healthcare system in recent years (Humphris and Hean, 2004). Effective team-working produces positive patient outcomes, while ineffectual team-working contributes to negative incidents in patient care (Grumbach and Bodenheimer, 2004). Client background Grace, a 21 year old female, was formally admitted via community mental health nurse due to non-concordance of medication. Grace suffers severe mental illness and personality disorder with a high level of self-harming, poor personal hygiene and inability to perform activities of daily living ADL’s. The Roper, Logan and Tierney model (Bellman 1996) states that 12 ADL’s produce a picture of the person’s lifestyle and these can be used to highlight problems which require nursing intervention. Inter-disciplinary team working and my role in Grace’s care The multidisciplinary review meeting for Grace’s care comprised a consultant psychiatrist,; a psychologist who assessed Grace’s behaviours and gave counselling sessions; social workers who assessed social wellbeing; an occupational therapist who assessed ADL; a dietician and the care-coordinator who was the key-worker involved in Grace’s care when she was in the community. The registered mental health nurse assigned to Grace was my mentor, and I was given the task of shadowing my mentor to assess Grace’s mental state on the ward and monitor any physical changes. The inter-professional team at the review placed Grace on level 3 observation due to her self-harming. Feelings I felt challenged and nervous about shadowing and handling the nursing report during the multidisciplinary team review. However, I realised this is a key role of the nursing professional in an inter-professional team, Davies & Priestly (2006) views nursing handover as vital information about clients under the care of nurses, allowing nurses to improve both the handover process and improve patient care delivery. I felt empathy for Grace, especially her anxiety over the (in her eyes) large number of people (the care team) caring for and deciding her ‘fate’. She shared in her one-to-one sessions that she was nervous of not doing the right things in front of the team and I remember thinking ‘we are both nervous for similar reasons’,, as I was also nervous about what the team thought about me and my practice. I reassured Grace that we were here to help her, using my communication skills to listen and ally her fears. Hamilton et al. (2010) stated listening is an essential skill for a mental health nurse. I felt frustrated within the team, feeling that some members worked toward their own goals rather than collectively aiming to ensure the best holistic care for Grace, which made working within the team challenging. An example of this was the doctor’s decision to exclude Grace from participating in ward activities without assessment from the occupational therapist. This is at odds with the traditional nursing role, which seeks to include the patient both physically and psychologically. I felt that this decision was not in Grace’s best interest, and could prolong her discharge. Evaluation In evaluating my empathy with Grace and her anxiety, I felt there was an understandable connection as we were both in new situations, while too much empathy can lead to difficulties in nursing (Mercer and Reynolds 2002), empathy is an important aspect in nursing. Whitehead (2000) states that one angle of team work that is often neglected is the ‘relationship’ between client and nurse, which she argues is important to ensure positive care outcomes and therefore should not be disregarded within a collaborative framework. After talking to my peers I found that we all felt some anxiety about working within a multi-disciplinary team. In evaluating my time as an inter-disciplinary team member and my anxiety, I realised this eased when roles were defined and responsibilities shared. Ovretveit et al. (1997) asserted that understanding and clarification of roles from the onset is necessary for good team-working and failure to define roles correctly can lead to confusion. My frustrations within the team were in part due to my anxiety of performing poorly in front of my mentor, and my inexperience of working within an interdisciplinary-team. I had little understanding of how the different roles and philosophies of other professionals would need to be compromised to ensure both safety of and good care for Grace and perhaps I placed too much importance on the nursing role without understanding what other professionals brought to the team. Analysis While my empathy can be a positive aspect to my nursing, on reflection, it may have clouded my judgement and my ability to follow the right course of action, given that Grace was known to self-harm. The decisions made by the doctor complied with Local Trust Policy (2010) on self-harming. Furthermore, NICE guidelines (2004) states that staff develop preventative strategies to ensure patient safety in cases of self-harming, by reducing opportunities to self-harm. The inter-disciplinary team decided Grace should not be allowed to participate in ward activities due to risk of self-harm. Through analysis of the team-work shown within this case, I believe that the team showed effective communication, as each professional had a good knowledge of the role they were expected to play in supporting Grace’s care and effective communication is vital in team-working (Ovretveit et al. 1997). My frustrations within the team can be explained by Whitehead (2001) who identified that collaboration work, while beneficial, did have a variety of barriers that could hinder development of close collaborative relationships within the different service provider’s professions, one being that the different professions may have different ideas on patient treatments that are at odds with other professionals within the multi-disciplinary team. While at first I did not understand the challenges that inter-professional working brings and thus did not feel that every member had Grace’s care foremost, after analysing my time within the team, I feel that every member was supportive of each other’s efforts to facilitate Grace’s recovery. Many opportunities were available to discuss concerns over the care-plan such as debriefing, one to one interactions, and supervision, highlighted by Freeth (2007) as vital to ensure good inter-professional development. Barriers to good inter-professional collaborations include poor communication, lack of understanding of other team members’ roles, work priorities and professional hierarchy (Whitehead, 2000), where such issues are apparent, it can be helpful to identify shared goals and voice concerns. Inter-professionals should use clinical judgment that encompasses the best of all team members’ professions in care provision to improve client wellbeing, aid th em to cope with health problems and achieve the best quality of life with their illness (RCN 2003; DoH, 2008). Conclusion In retrospect, I feel the strength of the team was its ability to develop and manage excellent patient-focussed care, resulting from the variety of disciplines, personalities and expertises. I have gained an in-depth insight into the roles and responsibilities nurses have in the development of client-centred care and a better understanding for the other team members professions, which I feel now that I was lacking. This reflective process has helped me gain an understanding of the importance of inter-professional team collaboration in managing clients with self-harm issues using positive practice guidance as stated in the NHS guidelines. Action plan This experience has taught me that inter-professional practices involve effective communication between team members and respect for other professional’s knowledge of client needs. I will seek to gain greater understanding of other clinical roles and what they represent and bring to the inter-disciplinary team. I will undertake personal development and learning by keeping up-to-date with changes in practice, embracing and promoting interpersonal working. This reflective commentary has enhanced my knowledge of inter-professional working, the challenges involved and the importance of communication and compromise, which will contribute to my personal development as a mental health nurse. In respect to my patient centred empathy, I believe this is an important trait in nursing; however, in the future I will temper my empathy with professionalism that focuses on patient safety first. I plan to improve my knowledge and expertise of the roles of other professionals. I will begin by focussing on the respect and value I have of other professionals’ expertise. With respect to my lack of confidence, I shall endeavour to develop confidence in sharing my knowledge in group forums. The placement amplified the importance of identifying and understanding patients’ needs and sharing this understanding with the inter-professional team members in order to facilitate effective healthcare interventions. References Barker. P., (2009). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Craft of Caring. 2nd ed. London. Hodder Arnold. Bellman, LM. (1996) Changing nursing practice through reflection on the Roper, Logan and Tierney model: the enhancement approach to action research. 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